Sam's Science Challenge 1

This is the first problem set of "Sam's Science Challenge", a series of science challenges that I am creating. These problems will be open ended, with various possible solutions, and I am happy to share my own solutions to whoever asks. The problems are meant largely for high school students, and early undergraduates. The logo on top of the page is drawn by me, and the three shapes represent the 3 problems, with each of the shapes denoting a certain difficulty level.