[Original Theory] Chen's Superstring Theory (CST): Particle Discrete Dual-Domain Mechanism – Redefining the Nature of Quantum, Predicting "Infrared Catastrophe", and Unifying the Four Fundamental Forces (with Core Formulas)

Abstract Chen's Superstring Theory (CST) proposes the Particle Discrete Dual-Domain Mechanism, redefining the fundamental nature of the universe by taking energy strings (governed by amplitude, frequency, string length, and angular momentum) as the cosmic building blocks. This work introduces the static force formula P = e(L - l) , where L (actual string length) and l (critical length, Planck scale) determine the "qualitative" properties (force direction, phase transition, particle chirality), while e = KAFS governs the "quantitative" intensity of force. The theory resolves long-standing paradoxes: the ultraviolet catastrophe is reinterpreted as particle dissolution when L < l ; a symmetric infrared catastrophe (a verifiable prediction) is proposed for gravitational-string-dominated low-temperature systems; and the CMB cold spot is explained as a relic of early-universe gravitational-string regions. CST unifies the four fundamental forces via energy-string phase transitions, reestablishes determinism (rejecting quantum "superposition/uncertainty" as observational artifacts), and inherits Einstein’s unified-field ideal (correcting his geometric spacetime framework to physical energy-gradient dynamics). This framework redefines quantum as a critical-state manifestation of continuous energy strings, enabling applications from controlled fusion to element synthesis.