Risk Profiling and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a District-Level Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: India has emerged as the diabetes capital of the world, a trend largely attributed to rapid industrialization and urbanisation, which have contributed to significant lifestyle changes and an epidemiological transition. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among people of Gandhinagar District. To identify and analyse the sociodemographic and lifestyle-related risk factors associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the district population. Material and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 600 participants selected from each of the four talukas of Gandhinagar, ensuring representation of both rural and urban populations through probability-proportional-to-size sampling. Data were collected using a pretested and predesigned proforma. Information on sociodemographic and behavioural factors, family history, and physical measurements was obtained. Random blood sugar (RBS) levels were measured for all participants; individuals with RBS >200 mg/dL underwent HbA1c testing. Data were analyzed using Excel 2019 and SPSS v27. Results: The prevalence of T2DM was 10.66% (64/600), with 37.5% (24/64) being newly diagnosed. Significant associations were observed with increasing age, reduced physical activity, smoking, and obesity (p