Role of Artificial Intelligence in Advancing Sustainable Development Goal 11 in India: A Comprehensive Analysis of Urban Policies, Practices, and Challenges

Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11) aims to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. India is undergoing one of the fastest urban transitions in the world, with urban population growth placing immense pressure on housing, transport systems, environmental quality, waste management, and disaster resilience. In this context, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technological tool that can support evidence-based urban planning, efficient service delivery, and resilient governance. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the role of AI in achieving SDG 11 in India. Drawing upon secondary data from government reports, policy documents, and peer-reviewed academic literature, the study examines AI applications in smart infrastructure, urban mobility, waste management, environmental monitoring, disaster risk reduction, and urban governance. The paper also critically discusses ethical concerns, institutional challenges, and policy implications specific to the Indian context. It concludes that while AI has significant potential to accelerate India’s progress toward SDG 11, its successful implementation depends on ethical governance, institutional capacity building, and inclusive urban development strategies.