BUCCAL FILMS: A PROMISING TRANSMUCOSAL SYSTEM FOR ENHANCED DRUG DELIVERY

Buccal films are thin, flexible, and bioadhesive dosage forms designed for transmucosal drug delivery through the buccal mucosa. They offer a promising alternative to conventional oral dosage forms by bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism and reducing gastrointestinal degradation, thereby improving drug bioavailability. The buccal route is particularly advantageous for the delivery of drugs with poor oral absorption and for biomolecules such as proteins and peptides. Incorporation of bioadhesive polymers enhances residence time and allows controlled or unidirectional drug release toward the mucosa. Buccal films are generally prepared by solvent casting, hot-melt extrusion, or direct milling methods. These films provide rapid onset of action, precise dosing, good patient compliance, and suitability for pediatric and geriatric populations. A wide range of natural and synthetic polymers can be employed to tailor mechanical strength, mucoadhesion, and drug release characteristics. Comprehensive evaluation parameters ensure quality, safety, and performance of the formulation. Despite limitations such as low dose-loading capacity and mucosal permeability, rational formulation strategies can overcome these challenges. Overall, buccal films represent an efficient, patient-friendly, and cost-effective platform for both local and systemic drug delivery.