Analysis of Structural Response Spectrum Under Walking Loads

In structural engineering and vibration analysis, the dynamic response of structures to pedestrian loads especially those caused by individual walking has grown to be a major focus. Digitalize civil structures such as pedestrian footbridges, building floor systems, and stadium stands are increasingly susceptible to human-induced vibrations due to the widespread use of lightweight materials, longer spans, and slender structural forms. While these structures often satisfy conventional strength and safety requirements, vibrations generated by everyday human activities—including walking, exercising, and synchronized crowd movement—can significantly affect occupant comfort, perception, and confidence. This research investigates human-induced vibrations with a particular emphasis on serviceability and human experience rather than structural failure. The study adopts an integrated methodology combining analytical modeling, computational simulation, and experimental validation. Single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) and multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) analytical models are developed to describe the dynamic response of structures subjected to pedestrian loading. These models are implemented in MATLAB and Python to simulate various activity scenarios, structural properties, and damping conditions. Response spectra and time-history analyses are used to identify critical frequencies, resonance effects, and amplification mechanisms associated with human motion. To bridge the gap between theory and practice, field experiments are conducted using accelerometers installed on real structures, including footbridges, gym floors, and stadium seating systems. Experimental results validate many analytical predictions while also revealing limitations of simplified models, particularly in capturing human behavioral adaptation and perceptual response to vibration. Based on these findings, the research proposes practical, structure-specific design guidelines that promote early-stage vibration assessment, realistic human loading models, and effective damping strategies. Overall, this thesis advocates a human-centered approach to vibration-sensitive design, demonstrating that occupant comfort is a measurable and essential performance criterion. By integrating technical accuracy with experiential understanding, the study contributes toward creating built environments that are not only structurally safe, but also comfortable, trusted, and responsive to human use.