Intercropping in olive groves

NATAE Practice abstract n. 4: Synergies. Working Package 7. A NATAE practice abstract is a summary that describes an agroecological practice that can be used as a valuable resource by farmers, researchers, policy makers, and other stakeholders interested in adopting or promoting agricultural practices that contribute to sustainability, productivity, and competitiveness in the agricultural sector. The document explains intercropping in Mediterranean olive groves as an agroforestry strategy to improve sustainability under climate and soil constraints. It highlights agronomic and environmental benefits such as optimised land use, higher biodiversity, better soil fertility, water retention, weed and erosion control, and reduced input costs. It presents suitable intercrops (food legumes, cereals, fodder plants, aromatic and medicinal herbs) and gives guidelines on spacing, rain-fed management, fertilisation and rotations. It also notes challenges including competition for water and nutrients, higher labour needs, and disease or pest risks from unsuitable companion crops.