Microneedle Used Transdermal Drug Delivery System

Microneedle (MN) technology has emerged as a promising advancement in transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), offering a painless, minimally invasive, and patient-friendly alternative to conventional parenteral and oral administration. By creating microchannels through the stratum corneum, MNs enable the efficient transport of small molecules, macromolecules, proteins, and vaccines into targeted skin layers, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects. This review highlights the role of MN-mediated drug delivery in the treatment of obesity and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In obesity management, dissolving microneedles (DMNs) fabricated from biocompatible polymers such as gelatin enhance fat metabolism, inhibit adipogenesis, and can be combined with strategies like photothermal therapy to amplify anti-obesity effects. In RA therapy, GelMA-based MNs enable sustained release of dual-specific antibodies targeting IL-6R and TNF-α, improving localized drug delivery and reducing inflammatory responses. Fabrication techniques, including micromolding, photolithography, and innovative 3D printing approaches, further optimize MN design by improving precision, personalization, and cost-effectiveness. Despite challenges related to stability, drug loading, and large-scale manufacturing, MNs demonstrate significant potential for clinical translation. Overall, MN technology represents a transformative platform in modern therapeutics, with wide applications in chronic diseases, metabolic disorders, and personalized medicine.