COMPREHENSIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL, AND CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM DISEASES: PERSPECTIVES OF THE UZBEKISTAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

This research paper is dedicated to a comprehensive study of the epidemiological status, pathogenetic mechanisms, and preventive strategies of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which remains one of the most pressing issues in modern cardiology. Globally, and specifically in the Republic of Uzbekistan, CVD continues to hold the leading position in mortality rates. The study analyzes the role of molecular-genetic, dietary, and environmental factors in the formation of arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and chronic heart failure. The article highlights metabolic changes at the cardiocyte level, endothelial dysfunction, and the progressive development of atherosclerosis from the perspective of modern cardiology. Additionally, it provides a comparative review of cardiological reforms implemented in Uzbekistan, the effectiveness of screening programs in primary healthcare, and the outcomes of high-tech surgical interventions. The study concludes with scientifically grounded recommendations for increasing cardiological literacy among the population and developing individual prevention plans.