Serum Adiponectin and C-Peptide Levels in Relation to Body Mass Index and Age in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a long-lasting metabolic condition that is strongly linked to obesity and the body's reduced ability to respond to insulin.Aim: to investigate the relationships among serum adiponectin, c-peptide levels, body mass index (BMI), and age in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the ESUTH diabetes clinic, Enugu, Nigeria, involving 120 type 2 diabetes patients aged 40–70 years. Participants were grouped by BMI (normal, overweight, obese) and further stratified by sex and age.Methods and Materials: Fasting blood samples (3 mL) were collected, and serum adiponectin and c-peptide were measured using ELISA kits.Statistical analysis used: Data analysis was done with SPSS.Results: Serum adiponectin was highest in normal-weight individuals and declined in overweight and obese groups. Females exhibited significantly higher adiponectin than males (P = 0.015). Conversely, c-peptide was lowest in normal-weight individuals and increased with BMI, with males having elevated levels than females (P = 0.021). Older individuals had lower adiponectin and higher c-peptide. Adiponectin negatively correlated with BMI (r = -0.67, P = 0.004) and age (r = -0.45, P = 0.038), while c-peptide positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.72, P = 0.002) and age (r = 0.38, P = 0.049).Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of adiponectin and c-peptide as biomarkers for monitoring metabolic health, and the interplay between demographic factors and metabolic biomarkers in T2DM patients.