Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property Rights: Addressing Copyright Protection in the Digital Era

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become one of the most defining technological developments of the twenty-first century(Joshi et al., 2025). In the digital age, AI systems are no longer confined to performing repetitive or rule-based tasks; instead, they are increasingly capable of generating creative outputs such as literature, music, artwork, software code, and even legal drafts. According to a 2024 report by McKinsey & Company, generative AI alone is expected to contribute between USD 2.6 trillion and USD 4.4 trillion annually to the global economy, largely through creative and knowledge-based industries(Anica-Popa et al., 2024). This unprecedented growth has compelled lawmakers, scholars, and policymakers to reassess the adequacy of existing legal frameworks, particularly in the domain of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR).