Calea funkiana V. R. Bueno & G. Heiden (Bueno & Heiden 2021

Calea funkiana V.R.Bueno & G.Heiden Figs 2A, 3A, C, E, 4 Calea funkiana V.R.Bueno & G.Heiden (Bueno & Heiden 2021: 470). Type material BRAZIL – Minas Gerais • Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó; 28 Feb. 1991; fl., fr.; S. Mayo, M.C.E.Amaral, I. Cordeiro & J.R. Pirani CFSC7026; V.R. Bueno det. 2023; holotype: SPF [18618]; isotypes: MG [144560], UEC [27681]. Selected material examined BRAZIL – Minas Gerais • Jaboticatubas, Estrada da usina; 28 May 1972; fl., fr.; A.B. Joly et al. CFSC2241; V.R. Bueno det. 2023; SP [150865], UEC [2531] • Santana do Riacho, arredores de Santana do Riacho; 25 Oct. 1974; fl., fr.; G. Hatschbach et al. 35338; V.R. Bueno det. 2023; MBM [32178] • 450 m da MG-010 na estrada para a “Pousada ao pé da Serra”; 9 Dec. 2020; fl., fr.; I.A.C. Arruda 1158; V.R. Bueno det. 2023; HUFU [81507] • APA Morro da Pedreira, rodovia Belo Horizonte, Conceição do Mato Dentro, Mãe d’água, ramal levando ao condomínio, ca 1 km da porteira da entrada; 18 Feb. 1972; J.R. Pirani et al. 6283; V.R. Bueno det. 2023; ALCB [162692], SPF [222040]. Description Shrubs 0.7–3 m tall, slightly branched. Stems cylindrical, striate, commonly villous, sometimes sparsely villous, non-glandular, castaneous, internodes 4.9–23.6 mm long. Leaves decussate, petiolate, petiole 1.6–2.2 mm long, blades 0.93–3.44 × 0.78–2.76 cm, usually broadly ovate, sometimes ovate, rarely very broadly ovate, coriaceous, strongly discolorous, abaxial white, adaxial green, base cordate, apex acute, rarely attenuate or acuminate, venation acrodromous basal, secondary veins conspicuous; margins revolute, thin, green, usually pauciserrate or entire, rarely oligoserrate, 1–6(–11) teeth, 0.4–2.5(–3.5) mm long, from the base to the middle, sometimes just in the middle or in the base; abaxial surface villous, glandular-punctate, veins villous, adaxial surface scabridulous or with sparse long trichomes, non-glandular. Capitulescence cymose dichasiform, axis 0–5.6 cm long, branching to 2–5 ramification orders, 2–8 secondary stems; peduncle 0.34–2.49(–4.8) cm long, usually densely villous, often villous, non-glandular. Capitulum heterogamous, radiate; involucre 6–13.3 × 7.5–16.1 mm, generally campanulate, often hemispherical, sometimes cylindrical. Phyllaries 5-seriate; outermost series villous, margins foliaceous, green, inconspicuously striate, first series of phyllaries 7.6–15 × 4.6–8.4 mm, usually longer than involucre, sometimes shorter, commonly longer than second series, sometimes equal, usually elliptic to broadly elliptic, often ovate to broadly ovate, apex acute, glandular-punctate, margins entire, commonly middle revolute, sometimes revolute, 3-striate; second series 7.5–12.1 × 4.8–7.2 mm, broadly elliptic, ovate or deltoid, apex commonly acute, sometimes attenuate, glandular-punctate, margins entire, middle revolute, 3–4-striate; third series 9–10.9 × 5.25–7 mm, broadly usually oblong or oblong, sometimes broadly ovate, apex acuminate, generally villous, sometimes sparsely villous, non-glandular, margins entire, apex revolute, foliaceous, green, 4–6-striate; innermost series with apex obtuse, glabrous, margins entire, scarious, yellowish green or light yellow, conspicuously striate; fourth series blade 8.5–13 × 4–5.8 mm, oblong or narrowly ovate, margins middle erose, 12–15-striate; fifth series 8.2–13 × 2.5– 4.5 mm, usually lanceolate or narrowly oblong, rarely narrowly elliptic, apex commonly acute, sometimes rounded, margins apex rarely erose, 10–12-striate. Receptacle convex, holopaleaceous, paleae 9–10.5 × 1.1–2 mm, usually longer than corolla disc, rarely equal, usually narrowly oblanceolate, often narrowly elliptic, apex long acuminate, concave, light yellow. Ray florets 10–15, pistillate, with corolla liguliform, yellow, 13–16 mm, tube 2.5–3.4 mm long, limb 10.5–12.6 × 3–3.8 mm, generally oblanceolate, rarely narrowly elliptic, apex 3-lobulate, with 5–6 veined, glabrous; style branches ca 1 mm long, linear, yellow. Disc florets 25–45, monoclinous, corolla tubular, yellow, 5.25–7 mm long, tube 1.6–2 mm long, lobes 1–1.2 mm long, glabrous, yellow. Anthers 2.5–2.8 mm long, light yellow, anther appendages apically ovate; style branches 1.5–1.6 mm long, linear, yellow. Cypselae 2.75–3 mm long, prismatic or obconic, nigrescent, ribs light yellow or nigrescent, ray cypselae 3-angled, disc cypselae 4-angled, faces glabrous, ribs densely pilose; pappus monotypic, monolength, free, scales 10–13, 1.1–1.6 mm long, commonly oblanceolate, sometimes elliptic or oblong, apex obtuse, margins entire, apex erose. Distribution, habitat and phenology Calea funkiana is endemic to Cerrado from Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó and Área de Proteção Ambiental Morro da Pedreira in Minas Gerais State (Fig. 4). It grows in cerrado rupestre sites (Pereira & Fernandes 2022), living in moist sites of rock outcrops and sandy soils at elevations of 1000–1400 m. Fertile specimens (with flower and fruit) were collected from October to March, although there are some collections in May and July. Informal conservation status Endangered (EN) B1ab(v)+2ab(v); D. Since the first records of this species (Bueno & Heiden 2022b), two new localities for this species were added, therefore the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO) increased from 20 km ² to 159.026 km ² and from 48 km ² to 56 km ², respectively, but even so the degree of threat remains the same. The locations found are in humid formations of the Serra do Cipó mountain range, which, given the area's history, are known to be severely fragmented environments (B condition a). Furthermore, collections were more abundant in the past than they are currently, suggesting a decline in populations (B condition b). In recent collections, over the last twenty years, collectors estimate having seen fewer than 250 mature individuals (I.A.C. Arruda, pers. com.). The anthropic threats from deforestation, road construction, and accidental fires (Viana et al. 2005; Ribeiro et al. 2009) remain unchanged, which also corroborates the maintenance of the status. Thus, we propose that this species should be considered Endangered. Remarks Calea funkiana is part of the C. triantha group (C. funkiana, C. pruskiana, C. subintegerrima, and C. triantha) and further description of the four species in this group is provided by Bueno & Heiden (2022a). Calea funkiana can be distinguished from C. pruskiana by the villous indumentum of the branches, peduncle, abaxial surface of leaves and outermost series of phyllaries (vs hispidulous to hispid or pubescent), cordate base leaf (vs usually subcordate, often rounded), generally less serrate leaves with 1–6 teeth (vs 5–13 teeth); inconspicuously striate outermost phyllaries (vs conspicuously striate), third series of phyllaries with acuminate apex (vs obtuse); generally shorter tube disc florets 1.6–2 mm long (vs 2–2.5 mm), and cypselae 2.75–3 mm long (vs 3.1–3.5 mm). When compared to Calea triantha, C. funkiana differs by the villous indumentum of the branches, peduncle, abaxial surface of leaves and outermost series of phyllaries (vs generally hispidulous to hispid, rarely puberulous), leaf and of outer series of phyllaries with acute to acuminate apex (vs obtuse); commonly longer outermost series of phyllaries blade 7.6–15 mm long (vs 5.5–8 mm), third series of phyllaries blade 9–10.9 mm long (vs 5.1–7.9 mm), acuminate apex (vs obtuse), and paleae 9–10.5 mm long (vs 5.9–8.9 mm).