Calea marginata S. F. Blake (Blake 1937

Calea marginata S.F.Blake Figs. 2J, 3B, D, F, 5 Calea marginata S.F.Blake (Blake 1937: 387). – Meyeria longifolia DC. (Candolle 1836: 671). – Calea longifolia (DC.) Baker (Baker 1884: 260). – Calea barrosoana H.Rob. (Robinson 1979: 274). Type material BRAZIL • São Paulo-Paraná; 1828–1829; fl. fr.; F. Sellow s.n.; V.R. Bueno det. 2023; lectotype: P [02140741], designated by Bueno et al. 2025b; isolectype: G [G00456488]. Selected material examined BRAZIL – Paraná • Jaguariaíva, Rio Diamante, proximidades do recanto da Prainha; 5 Dec. 1988; fl., fr.; M. Silveira et al. 89; V.R. Bueno det. 2021; FUEL [6105], HUFU [46636], UEC [54321] • Palmeira, Recanto dos Papagaios; 20 Jul. 2021; fl., fr.; J.T. Motta et al. 4156; V.R. Bueno det. 2021; MBM [389015]. – São Paulo • Ituverava, SP- 258 km 324, margem do Rio Verde; 26 Feb. 1997; fl., fr.; K. Matsumoto et al. 188; V.R. Bueno det. 2021; UEC [100993] • Itararé, Estrada para Itararé; 4 Nov. 2018; fl., fr.; C. Ribeiro et al. 301; V.R. Bueno det. 2021; ICN [203042]. Description Shrubs 0.3–1.5 m tall, sometimes herbs. Stems cylindrical, corrugate, glabrous or scabridulous, non-glandular, castaneous, internodes 1–30.8(–52.7) mm long. Leaves commonly decussate, rarely whorled, petiolate, petiole 0.1–2.9 mm long, rarely sessile; blades 0.93–5.2(–5.95) × 0.18–0.82(–1.2) cm, usually oblong or elliptic, rarely very narrowly elliptic or narrowly elliptic, base obtuse, chartaceous, generally slightly discolorous, rarely concolorous, green, apex commonly acute, sometimes truncate, rarely obtuse, venation acrodromous basal, secondary veins inconspicuous; margins slightly revolute, entire, thickened, white; abaxial surface generally densely glandular-foveate, rarely glandular-punctate, adaxial surface glabrous. Capitulum solitary or capitulescence cymose dichasiform, slightly branched, axis 0–0.56(–4.43) mm long, branching with two orders of ramification, 2–4(–5) secondary branches; peduncle 0.2–2.95(–4.05) cm long, densely scabridulous or densely hispidulous, non-glandular. Capitulum heterogamous, radiate; involucre 7.1–14.7 × 8.4–18.9 mm, campanulate or hemispherical or cylindrical; phyllaries 5-seriate, margins entire; first series blade (7.1–)7.6–15.4(–18.8) × 2.9–4.4(–6.8) mm, usually longer than involucre, sometimes shorter, commonly longer than second series, sometimes equal, rarely shorter, usually narrowly elliptic or elliptic, sometimes oblanceolate, rarely narrowly lanceolate, apex rounded or truncate, margins slightly revolute or apex slightly revolute, middle white, glabrous, foliaceous, green, generally inconspicuously, rarely conspicuously, 2–4-striate; intermediate series usually glabrous, rarely sparsely glandular-punctate, middle or apex foliaceous, greenish yellow or green, commonly inconspicuously striate, rarely conspicuously; second series blade 8.5–13(–13.5) × 2.9–5.9 mm, usually narrowly obovate or oblanceolate, often panduriform, sometimes narrowly ovate, rarely oblong, apex commonly obtuse or rounded, sometimes truncate, margins middle or apex slightly revolute, middle or apex white, 4–6-striate; third series (7.4–)8–10.4(–12) × 3.1–5.4 mm, narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate, ovate or lanceolate, apex generally obtuse or acute, sometimes rounded, margins flat or apex slightly revolute, apex white, 8–12-striate; innermost series glabrous, scarious, pale yellow or yellow, conspicuously striate; fourth series 9.2–11.6 × 2.9–7.7 mm, usually narrowly obovate, sometimes narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, rarely oblong or widely oblong or obovate, apex rounded, erose, 8–14-striate; fifth series (7.5–)9.5–10.7 × 2.3–2.7(–5.1) mm, commonly narrowly elliptic, sometimes narrowly oblong, narrowly obovate or oblanceolate, apex usually rounded or obtuse, rarely 3–4-lobulate, 6–12-striate. Receptacle slightly convex, holopaleaceous, paleae 6.7–9.2 × 1.1–2.1 mm long, longer than corolla disc, narrow, generally narrowly oblanceolate, sometimes narrowly elliptic, apex long acuminate, usually concave, often conduplicate, light yellow. Ray florets 12–18, pistillate, corolla 12.3–21.1 mm long, liguliform, yellow, tube 2.7–4.4(–4.9) mm long, limb 8.8–17.7 × 2.5–4.4(–6.3) mm, narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, apex commonly rounded or bilobed, sometimes acute, 5–7-veined, abaxial surface densely glandular-punctate or glandular-punctate, adaxial surface glabrous; style branches 0.6–1.2 mm long, linear, yellow. Disc florets 30–60, monoclinous, corolla 5–7.7 mm long, tubular, yellow, tube (1.5–) 1.6–2.3 mm long, lobes 0.9–1.4 mm long, glabrous; anthers 2.3–2.9(–3.4) mm long, light yellow, anther appendages apically ovate; style branches 1–1.5 mm long, linear, yellow. Cypselae 2.3–3.4 mm long, prismatic, nigrescent, ray cypselae 3-angled, disc cypselae 4-angled, glabrous, ribs usually glabrous or pilose, often glabrous to hirsute; pappus generally monotypic or bitypic, monolength, often bilength, free, scales 8–15 (with 1–3 distinctly longer, when present), mostly 0.4–1.2 mm long, longer 1–2.2 mm long, oblanceolate or oblong, apex usually obtuse or rounded, sometimes truncate, margins entire, apex erose. Distribution, habitat and phenology Calea marginata is an endemism of Brazil from the high-altitude grasslands of the Atlantic Forest of São Paulo and Paraná states (Fig. 5). This species inhabits wet grasslands, sometimes seasonally flooded, and riverine vegetation; at elevations of 800–1200 m. It was found flowering and fruiting throughout the year, except in September, mainly between November and May. Informal conservation status Endangered (EN) B2ab(ii,iii). Calea marginata has an EOO of 24 063.156 km² and an AOO of 328 km ². While the EOO suggests Near Threatened (NT), the AOO indicates Endangered (EN). Like other taxa treated here that occur in the Área de Proteção Ambiental da Escarpa Devoniana (APAED) (Harfouche et al. 2019), much of its EOO is covered by forest vegetation where the species does not occur. According to Harfouche et al. (2019), the area of human impact has increased and the natural grasslands have decreased within the APAED, indicating that despite this being a conservation area, Calea marginata is not fully protected. It is estimated that there will be a decline in the area of occurrence with severe fragmentation (condition a and b) due to the impacts described by Harfouche et al. (2019). Within the APAED, this species is found in three state parks: Parque Estadual do Guartelá, Parque Estadual Vila Velha, and Parque Estadual do Cerrado; and in São Paulo State it is found in another park: Parque Ecológico Gruta da Barreira. Thus, we propose that this species should be considered Endangered. Remarks Calea marginata belong to Calea myrtifolia group (Calea marginata, C. myrtifolia, C. parvifolia, and C. phyllolepis). The species that most closely resembles Calea marginata is C. parvifolia, these two species can be differentiated respectively by non-glandular stems and peduncles in the former (vs densely glandular-punctate), oblong or elliptic leaf (vs narrowly ovate or lanceolate), obtuse leaf base (vs rounded), basal acrodromous venation (vs reticulodromous), thick and white margin (vs thin and green); first (innermost) series of phyllaries with truncate or rounded apex (vs acute), non-glandular abaxial surface (vs glandular-punctate); non-glandular corolla of disc florets (vs glandular-punctate), and commonly shorter pappus scales (without consider the longer scale) 0.4–1.2 mm long (vs 1.1–2.3 mm) Calea marginata is distinguishable from C. myrtifolia by striate stems (vs corrugate), oblong or elliptic leaf (vs ovate or lanceolate), obtuse leaf base (vs rounded), inconspicuous secondary veins (vs conspicuous), thick and white leaf margin (vs thin and green); first (innermost) series of phyllaries with white middlemargins (vs green), commonly longer phyllaries; first series of 7.6–15.4 mm long (vs 4.9–7.2 mm), second series of 8.5–13 mm long (vs 5–6 mm), third series of 8–10.4 mm long (vs 4.8–8.1 mm), and fourth series of 9.2–11.6 mm long (vs 8.1–9.7 mm).