Calea parviantha V. R. Bueno & G. Heiden (Bueno & Heiden 2023

Calea × parviantha V.R.Bueno & G.Heiden. Figs 2E, 5, 8B, D, F Calea × parviantha V.R.Bueno & G.Heiden (Bueno & Heiden 2023: 149). Type material BRAZIL – Paraná • Jaguariaíva, campo próximo à ponte do Rio das Mortes, PR-151; 16 Dec. 1991; fl., fr.; A.C. Cervi et al. 3546; V.R. Bueno det. 2023; holotype: MBM [161398]; isotypes: CGMS [44616], CPAP [10996], UPCB [33501]. Selected material examined BRAZIL – Paraná • Balsa nova, Ponte dos Arcos; 7 Dec. 2005; fl., fr.; C. Kozera 2688; V.R. Bueno det. 2023; MBM [335464] • Jaguariaíva, campo próximo à ponte do Rio das Mortes - PR 151; 16 Dec. 1991; fl., fr.; A.C. Cervi et al. 3546; V.R. Bueno det. 2023; CGMS [44616], MBM [161398], UPCB [33501] • Tibagi, Parque Estadual Canyon Guartelá; 10 Feb. 1997; V.F. Kinupp et al. 273; V.R. Bueno det. 2023; FUEL [28973], HUPG [10062] • São Paulo, Itapeva, Estação Ecológica de Itapeva; 18 Aug. 1995; fl., fr.; V.C. Souza et al. 8732; V.R. Bueno det. 2023; SP [287786] • Itararé, Gruta da Barreira; 4 Dec. 1984; fl., fr.; C. Muller et al. 5994; V.R. Bueno det. 2023; FUEL [5994]. Description Shrubs 0.2–1.2 m tall. Stems cylindrical, striate, generally hispid, often sparsely hispid, rarely densely hispid or hispidulous to hispid or glabrous, generally non-glandular, rarely glandular-punctate, castaneous, internodes 5.4–32.7 mm long. Leaves decussate, petiole 0.5–2.2 mm long; blades 0.78–2.57 × 0.42– 1.59 cm, generally ovate or narrowly ovate, rarely widely ovate, coriaceous, usually concolorous, sometimes slightly discolorous or discolorous, commonly green, sometimes surface abaxial dark green, base usually rounded, sometimes subcordate, apex generally acute, rarely obtuse, venation generally acrodromous basal with reticulate secondaries or acrodromous basal, rarely acrodromous suprabasal, secondary veins conspicuous; margins commonly revolute, often slightly revolute, generally pauciserrate, often entire, sometimes oligoserrate, rarely multiserrate, 1–12(–14) teeth, 0.1–1.3(–2) mm long, usually distributed from the base to middle, sometimes absent or just in the middle, rarely along the margins; abaxial surface generally hispidulous, often glabrous, sometimes hispid, veins usually hispid to hispidulous or hispidulous, sometimes without tector trichomes, generally densely glandular-punctate, often glandular-punctate, adaxial generally surface scabridulous, often sparsely scabridulous with margin scabridulous, sometimes glabrous to scabridulous, non-glandular. Capitulescence generally cymose dichasiform, sometimes capitula solitary, profusely branched or branched, axis 0–14.56(–30.3) cm long, branching to 2 nd –3 rd ramifications, rarely 4–5 ramification orders, 2–14(–18) secondary stems, peduncle 0.1– 3.55(–4.15) cm long, hispid, usually non-glandular, rarely glandular-punctate. Capitulum heterogamous, radiate, involucrum 5.8–9.7 × 6.8–13.6 mm, generally campanulate, sometimes hemispherical. Phyllaries 5-seriate, margins thin; outermost series of phyllaries margins usually entire, sometimes pauciserrate, generally hispid to hispidulous, sometimes glabrous or hispidulous, densely glandular-punctate or glandular-punctate, commonly foliaceous, sometimes foliaceous with base scarious, generally green, sometimes green with base yellowish green, conspicuously or inconspicuously striate; first series 6.6– 10.2 × (3–)3.9–4.7(–5.7) mm, generally longer than involucre, often shorter, longer or equal or shorter than second series, generally widely elliptic or narrowly obovate, sometimes elliptic, rarely oblanceolate, apex acute or obtuse, usually middle revolute, often revolute, 4–6-striate; second series 7–10.4 × 3.1– 5.7(–7.5) mm, obovate or widely elliptic or panduriform, apex generally obtuse, often acute, apex revolute, rarely middle revolute, 4–8-striate; third series 5.5–9.7 × 2.7–4.8 mm, generally oblong or narrowly ovate, sometimes narrowly obovate, apex commonly obtuse, sometimes rounded, rarely acuminate, margins entire, apex revolute or flat, apex generally sparsely hispid or pilose, sometimes without tector trichomes, apex usually densely glandular-punctate, often apex glandular-punctate, rarely glandular-punctate, commonly scarious with apex foliaceous, sometimes scarious, yellowish green to green or yellowish green, conspicuously or inconspicuously striate, 6–10-striate; innermost series generally glabrous, sometimes apex glandular-punctate, scarious, yellowish green to light yellow, conspicuously striate; fourth series 7.2–9.9 × 3.5–4.7 mm, generally oblong, sometimes narrowly obovate, apex rounded, margins generally entire, sometimes apex erose, 10–15-striate; fifth series 7.4–10.9 × 2.3–3.9 mm, usually narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, sometimes narrowly elliptic, apex commonly rounded, sometimes obtuse, margins entire, 8–12-striate. Receptacle slightly convex, holopaleaceous, paleae 7–9 mm long, generally longer than disc corolla, rarely equal, generally narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong, sometimes narrowly oblanceolate, apex long acuminate, concave, light yellow. Ray florets 8–15, pistillate, corolla liguliform, yellow, (8.3–)9.3–14.2(–16.4) mm long, tube 1.5–3.8 mm long, limb 5.9–12.6 × (1.8–) 3.2– 4.6 mm, generally narrowly obovate, often narrowly elliptic to elliptic or narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, apex generally rounded, sometimes 2–4 lobulate, rarely obtuse, 5–7 veins, surface abaxial generally densely glandular-punctate, sometimes glandular-punctate, surface adaxial glabrous; style branches 0.7– 1.5 mm long, linear, yellow. Disc florets 30–55, monoclinous, corolla tubular, yellow, 4.4–7 mm long, tube 1.3–2.6 mm long, lobes 1–1.7(–2.1) mm long, usually sparsely glandular-punctate or glabrous, rarely glandular-punctate; anthers (2.3–) 2.5–2.9 mm long, light yellow, anther appendages apically ovate; style branches 0.8–1.2 mm long, linear, yellow. Cypselae 2.2–3.2(–3.6) mm long, prismatic, nigrescent, ray cypselae 3-angled, disc cypselae 4-angled, glabrous to pilose or sparsely pilose to densely pilose, ribs commonly densely pilose, often pilose; pappus generally monotypic, often bitypic, usually monolength, often monolength and bilength, free, scales 8–15 (1–2 distinctly longer, when present), mostly 1.1–2.2 mm long, longer scales 1.6–3 mm long (when present), generally oblong or oblanceolate, sometimes narrowly elliptic, apex obtuse or rounded, margins entire, apex erose. Distribution, habitat and phenology Calea × parviantha occurs in Brazil in the states of São Paulo and Paraná (Fig. 5) in the Atlantic Forest grasslands with rock outcrops and riverine vegetation. In the Jaguariaíva sites, C. × parviantha is more commonly found than its parental taxa, suggesting that hybrid populations are probably replacing them in this area. This taxon occurs at elevations between 640– 750 m. Most of the collected specimens were found flowering and fruiting from December to April, with one outlier record flowering in August. Informal conservation status Endangered (EN) B2ab(i,ii,iii). While hybrids are traditionally not evaluated for conservation status, this nothospecies has been documented in collections spanning almost a century, suggesting it represents a stable hybrid taxon warranting conservation assessment. The nothospecies has an EOO of 5000 km ² and an AOO of 48 km ². The two hybrids discussed here (C. × parviantha and C. × malmeana nothosp. nov.) occur in the APAED and are subject to the threats discussed by Harfouche et al. (2019), such as conversion of grasslands to pasture. This leads to severely fragmented environments (B condition a) and a continuous decline in extent of occurrence and area of occupancy (B condition b). Furthermore, the nothospecies mostly occurs out of protected areas, except for three occurrences in Estação Ecológica de Itapeva, Parque Ecológico de Itapeva and Parque Ecológico da Barreira. Remarks In the previous taxonomic note, C. × parviantha was compared to one of its parents: C. triantha. Calea × parviantha is different from C. parvifolia by striate stems (vs furrowed stems), hispid or hispidulous or glabrous stems (vs puberulous or puberulent), non-glandular in stems, rarely glandular-punctate (vs generally densely glandular-punctate, sometimes glandular-punctate), coriaceous leaves (vs chartaceous), generally revolute margin, sometimes slightly revolute (vs flat), commonly hispidulous abaxial surface leaf (vs commonly glabrous); second series of phyllaries with revolute apex (vs flat), and third series of phyllaries with entire margin (vs generally pauciserrate, rarely entire). In comparison with Calea × malmeana nothosp. nov., C. × parviantha can be individualized by striate stems (vs corrugate stems), venation secondary conspicuous (vs inconspicuously), green leaf margin (vs white); outermost series of phyllaries with green margin (vs white), first series 6.6–10.2 mm long (vs 10.5–12.3 mm), fourth series 3.5–4.7 mm widely (vs 5.3–7.1 mm), and usually longer cypselae 2.2–3.2 mm long (vs 3.3–3.9 mm).