Physical and Demographical Aspects of Thirumalaya Palem Mandal, Khammam District, Telangana State

Introduction Thirumalaya palem mandal is sub district of Khammam District. This Mandal was formed in the Year 1986. This Mandal is having boundaries with Mahabubabad District at North, Kusumanchi Mandal at South, Khammam Rural Mandal at East and Suryapeta District at west. This Mandal is having (25) Revenue Villages divided into (40) Grama Panchayaths. The Thirumalaya Palem Mandal is situated approximately between the latitudes of 17.36 and longitudes of 79.93. Total Geographical area of the Mandal is 57333 Acers. The Paleru river a prominent river in the region has its source in the plains of Kuruchapalle (Kursapajli) village located in Janagama District. It flows nearly parallel to the Muner river. the Akher river which also begins in Warangal district flows southeast passing Mujahid Puram village in the Thirumalayapalem mandal before joining the Muner at Tirthala in the Radhunadha Palem taluk formerly part of Thirumalayapalem mandal. The maximum rainfall in this mandal occurs during the south-west monsoon months predominantly in July and August. Red soils are the most prevalent, comprising 75% of the total. This suggests that the region is likely characterized by these soils, which are known for their characteristic reddish colour due to the presence of iron oxides. Black soils constitute the second largest portion at 16%. Black soils are known for their fertility and water-holding capacity and finally Sandy soils make up the smallest portion, accounting for only 9%. Sandy soils are characterized by their loose texture and good drainage. The total geographical area is 57,333.26 acres. Cultivable land represents the largest portion of the geographical area, accounting for 48,670.39 acres, indicating a significant agricultural potential. There is no reported forest area, suggesting that this region is primarily dedicated to other land uses, particularly agriculture. The systematic analysis of populations is referred to as demography. This term derived from Greek suggests a description of humanity composed of the components demos (meaning people) and graphein (to describe). Demography examines patterns and trends within populations including changes in population size migration flows birth rates and mortality rates alongside the demographic structure which details the proportions of men women and different age groups. Thirty years of census data i.e from 1991 census and 2001 census and 2011 census was taken. There was increasing trends in population density of Thirumalaya Palem mandal and also there is increase in Sex-ratio but a decrease in child population sex ratio was recorded due that most of the people in these villages are illiterate and in a view of female child a burden to them. The scheduled caste sex ratio has got decreased from 1991 to 2001 but there is increase in 2011 census and in case of scheduled tribe sex ratio got increased from 1991 to 2001 census but there was decrease in census. The percentage of SC and ST to the total population also got declined from 1991 to 2011 census. In case of literacy rate this mandal had got low literacy in 1991 with 23.7 and it got increased to 48.7 in 2011 census. Work participation rate has a declining trend from 1991(54.2) to 2011(28.6), also there was a decline in male WPR and female WPR from 1991 to 2011 census.