Modular Weather Station with Real-time Visualization

Meteorological monitoring is essential for agricultural planning and water-resource management, especially in producer regions such as Catanduva, Brazil. However, commercial weather stations are costly and inflexible, limiting access for smallholders and educational institutions. This study developed a low-cost weather-monitoring system integrated with a web-based supervisory interface, focusing on accessibility, customization, and full functionality. The system employs off-the-shelf sensors combined with custom-built mechanisms for wind and precipitation measurement, all connected to an ESP32 microcontroller. Data are transmitted via HTTPS to a REST API hosted on Vercel, stored in a MongoDB database, and visualized in a Next.js web interface that provides interactive dashboards, historical charts, weather alerts, and comparisons with Open-Meteo data. The total cost of electronic and mechanical components was R$ 164.00 (≈ €26.20), with the enclosure built from recycled materials. Comparative tests against reference stations showed that the prototype faithfully reproduces the diurnal cycle of meteorological parameters, with only minor deviations in magnitude. The results indicate a technically viable and economically accessible solution that integrates low-cost hardware with a modern web supervisory system, helping democratize meteorological monitoring.