Deriving the Fine Structure Constant
Abstract
Paper 2: Deriving the Fine Structure Constant: A Forward Derivation from General Relativity The standalone proof. Starting from the damping ratio established in Paper 1, this paper executes the complete forward derivation of α⁻¹ = 137.035999207 in eleven sections with zero free parameters. Each step is grounded in a theorem or definition: SO(3) representation theory for the degrees of freedom at each perturbative order, the Fisher–Rao entropy metric for the coupling coefficients, Wigner's triangle rule for the self-referential selection at ℓ = 3, and the golden-ratio eigenvalue splitting from the linearised Lagrangian. The output matches CODATA 2018 to 0.5σ and the most precise measurement (Morel 2020) to 0.09σ. No experimental values are used as input. The paper is designed to be read with a calculator: every number can be independently verified.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
Atomic and Molecular Physics
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Publication date
- 12 February 2026
- Language
- EN
- Document type
- Preprint