The four types of happiness. A theoretical foundation of research on subjective well-being based on Weber's theory of action

Many results have been produced in research on happiness/ Subjective Well-Being (SWB) but some were quite unexpected. These can be attributed to shortcomings in SWB theory and research. It is argued that sociology can contribute fruitfully by drawing on Weber's concept of sociology as a science of reality. Happiness is defined as an attitude that includes emotional, cognitive and motivational-conative aspects. Four types of SWB can be distinguished, following Weber’s typology of four forms of social action: well-being based on traditional/ habitual actions; satisfaction based on purposeful actions; happiness based on love relationships; and life satisfaction or life fulfilment based on a meaning- and value-oriented life orientation. Empirical studies are then summarized which prove the existence of these four types of SWB and their causes. In this approach, the paradoxes of previous research can be explained and new questions for research can be formulated.