Tinginotum perlatum Linnavuori 1961

Tinginotum perlatum Linnavuori, 1961 Figs 6, 7 Tinginotum perlatum Linnavuori, 1961: 155; Yasunaga 1999: 44; Zheng and Lu 2002: 505; Zheng et al. 2004: 587; Oh et al. 2018: 482; Yasunaga 2023: 58; Yasunaga et al. 2023: 38. Material examined. • 13 ♂♂ 17 ♀♀, Korea, Jeju-do (Is.), Seogwipo-si, Jungmun-dong, 20. ix. 2014, Kim J. leg., by light trap [CNU]; • 1 ♂, Korea, Jeju-do (Is.), Seogwipo-si, Donnaeko, 3. ix. 2015, Kim J. leg. [CNU]; • 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, Korea, Jeollanam-do, Wando-gun, Gunoe-myeon, Daemun-ri, 18. viii. 2015, Kim J. leg., by light trap [CNU]; • 1 ♂, Indonesia, Sumatra, North Sumatra, Berastagi, near Sibayak, 20-26. iv. 1998, 1500 m., Kabourk Vit. Leg. (FC n ° 7447); • 2 ♀♀, Indonesia, Sumatra, North Sumatra, Berastagi, 02-04. iv. 1998, 1500-2000 m., Kabourk Vit. Leg. (FC n ° s 7444-7445) [Coll. Magnien]; • 2 ♀♀, Indonesia, Sumatra, North Sumatra, Kedah env., 19. iv. 1998, 1500–2000 m., Kabourk Vit. Leg. (FC n ° s 7446, 7748); • 3 ♂♂, Philippines, Mindanao Is., Mt. Kitanglad Range, Mt. Kitanglad, 12-14. xi. 2018, Roca-Cusachs M. & Mohagan A. leg. [ZCDTU]; 1 ♂, • 5 ♀♀, Philippines, Luzon, Benguet Province, Baguio, 16.4167°N, 120.6000°E, 07-19. iv. 2014, Constant J., Bresseel, J. & Co leg. (FC n ° s 11541-11546) [ISNB]; • 1 ♀, Vietnam, Vinh Puc Province, Tam Dao, 17-21. v. 1990, Pacholatko P. leg. (FC n ° 1191) [NHMW]. Diagnosis. Recognized by dorsum brown with reddish areas (Fig. 6 A, B, D – H), sometimes tending towards relatively homogenous yellowish, pinkish, and reddish-brown in females; vertex and frons yellowish-brown to brown; clypeus dark brown to almost black, shining, at least on ventral third, contrasting with mandibular and maxillary plates; antennae shorter than body; first antennal segment relatively short, yellowish-brown to dark brown, second antennal segment yellowish brown to dark brown, apex darker, extreme apex pale yellow; third and fourth antennal segments mostly dark brown; pronotum somewhat elongate, with mostly chocolate brown to reddish-brown fuzzy markings behind eyes, a medial longitudinal area generally paler, at least basally; anterior area to humeral angles frequently darker; posterior margin narrowly yellowish; scutellum mostly brown, frequently with pale longitudinal line and apex; hemelytra chocolate brown to orange-brown with reddish or pinkish markings and partly coalescent greyish or silvery spots, faint, faded or even absent in some females; embolium and a part of exocorium sometimes yellowish; cuneus tinged with red; membrane greyish-brown, veins reddish; legs pale brown, metafemora reddish brown apically; metatibial spines yellowish-brown; tarsi yellowish-brown, apex of third segment black. Description. See Linnavuori (1961) for most detailed description. As the morphological characters have been well documented except for the female genitalia, we describe the female genitalia here: parieto-vaginal rings (pvr) elongate oval, latero-outer and latero-inner margins difficult to separate from anterior and posterior margins, pointed; anterior margins thick, convex, angled, posterior margin convex (Fig. 7 J); posterior wall with relatively simple interramal sclerite (irs) and interramal lobe (irl); irs nearly equally narrow, separated, curved at lateral margin; irl broad, entirely covering irs and extending further, separated from outer margin weakly sinuate; sigmoid process short (Fig. 7 K). Measurements. Male (n = 1) / female (n = 2) from Luzon, Philippines. Body length, clypeus – apex of membrane: 4.10 / 6.70–6.80; head length, excluding collar: 0.25 / 0.50–0.50; head width, including compound eyes: 0.95 / 1.30–1.33; vertex width: 0.25 / 0.50–0.50; first antennal segment length: 0.45 / 0.60–0.60; second antennal segment length: 1.55 / 2.10–2.20; third antennal segment length: 0.70 / 1.15–1.25; fourth antennal segment length: 0.60 / 0.85–0.90; total antennal length: 3.30 / 4.70–4.95; mesial pronotal length in dorsal view: 0.75 / 1.00–1.15; posterior pronotal maximal width (straight): 1.40 / 2.05–2.20; anterior scutellar width: 0.70 / 1.10–1.10; mesial scutellar length: 0.60 / 1.00–1.05; maximal width across hemelytron: 0.8 / 1.12–1.19. Male (n = 3) from Mindanao, Philippines. Body length, clypeus – apex of membrane: 4.14–4.52; head length, excluding collar: 0.30–0.32; head width, including compound eyes: 0.99–1.02; vertex width: 0.24–0.26; first antennal segment length: 0.51–0.59; second antennal segment length: 1.64–1.77; third antennal segment length: 0.87 / missing; fourth antennal segment length: missing; mesial pronotal length in dorsal view: 0.74–0.95; posterior pronotal maximal width (straight): 1.40–1.58; anterior scutellar width: 0.69–0.79; mesial scutellar length: 0.70–0.71; claval commissure length: 0.79–0.84; maximal width across hemelytron: 0.76–0.83. Male (n = 1) / Female (n = 3) from Korea. Body length, clypeus – apex of membrane: 4.77 / 5.01–5.10; head length, excluding collar: 0.28 / 0.38–0.39; head width, including compound eyes: 0.94 / 1.02–1.04; vertex width: 0.38 / 0.35–0.37; first antennal segment length: 0.61 / 0.61–0.68; second antennal segment length: 1.81 / 1.51–1.70; third antennal segment length: 0.71 / 0.77–0.81; fourth antennal segment length: 0.59 / 0.60–0.64; total antennal length: 3.72 / 3.56–3.83; mesial pronotal length in dorsal view: 0.77 / 0.87–0.89; posterior pronotal maximal width (straight): 1.49 / 1.64–1.69; anterior scutellar width: 0.74 / 0.90–0.91; mesial scutellar length: 0.77 / 0.81–0.83; claval commissure length: 0.94 / 0.90–0.96; maximal width across hemelytron: 0.89 / 0.96–1.04. Remarks. Until now, only Tinginotum gracilicorne Poppius, 1915 (Fig. 8 A – C) has been recorded from the Philippines (Schuh 2002–2013). The Philippine specimens of Tinginotum we have examined can be easily distinguished from T. gracilicorne, particularly by the antennal length. Morphologically, we were unable to find any significant differences between these Philippine specimens and T. perlatum from Korea and the type locality, Japan. The only noticeable difference in males is found in the coloration of the cuneus. Based on direct examination of more than 100 individuals from Korea and analysis of pictures of some Japanese specimens (in Yasunaga 2001: fig. 311 A; Yasunaga 2023: fig. 213 and Yasunaga et al. 2023: fig. 24 G), the cuneus of East-Palaearctic populations is generally subhyaline, with only the inner margin tinged with red, as indicated in the original description of T. perlatum (Linnavuori, 1961). In contrast, in the Philippine specimens, the cuneus is largely tinged with red. Interestingly, dorsal coloration within series of specimens from Luzon and Sumatra seems relatively variable, particularly in females (Fig. 6 D, E), their pattern being faded, whereas it is very close to that of the males on a female from Vietnam (Fig. 6 F). No differences were observed in the male genitalia, except for slight differences in the degree of development of the apex of shaft and the sensory lobe of the left paramere and shaft of the right paramere (Fig. 7 A – F). Although the morphology of the endosoma is very similar in many Tinginotum species, based on the available evidence, including general morphology as well as male and female genital structures, we tentatively identify specimens from Indonesia and the Philippines as T. perlatum, a species recorded from both countries and from Vietnam for the first time. Further studies are required to confirm whether these populations are truly conspecific and whether T. perlatum is effectively a very widely distributed species. In addition, although this species was originally recorded from the Palaearctic Region, its apparently broader distribution raises the possibility that it may be conspecific with taxa previously described from tropical regions. Accordingly, future studies based on broader geographic sampling, including material from the type locality, will be necessary to clarify its taxonomic status. Plant association. Two coniferous and one fern have been cited in the literature as possible associated plants: Juniperus chinensis (Cupressaceae), Microlepia strigosa (Polypodiaceae), Pinus luchensis (Pinaceae) (Yasunaga 1999). More recently, T. perlatum has been reported to utilize male strobili of Cryptomeria japonica (Cupressaceae) as a food resource, and its feeding activity has been associated with increased mortality of male strobili and reduced pollen production (Muro 2025). Distribution. China, Indonesia (Sumatra) *, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao) *, Vietnam (northern; Vinh Phuc) *.