A database of the flora and its non-timber uses in a protected floodplain area of the Amazon estuary (Combu Island, Belém, Brazil)

This dataset contains 1,019 occurrence records of the flora of the Combu Island Environmental Protection Area (APA Ilha do Combu), a 15.2 km² protected area located 1.5 km from Belém, Pará, Brazil, in the Amazon estuary. It covers 487 taxa in 295 genera and 102 families, including 71 bryophytes, and records documented non-timber uses for 273 of these taxa across nine use categories. The data were compiled from two classes of source: eleven peer-reviewed floristic surveys published between 1997 and 2024, selected through a systematic review conducted under a PRISMA 2020 protocol with explicit eligibility and quality criteria; and six extractions from four occurrence aggregators, namely GBIF, JABOT / Flora e Funga do Brasil, SiBBr and speciesLink, restricted to records produced by teaching and research institutions. The dataset is structured according to the Darwin Core (DwC) standard and FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable), and comprises 63 taxonomic, geographic, ecological and bibliographic fields. Taxonomic names were harmonised against the GBIF backbone with Flora e Funga do Brasil as a second opinion, and the name as published is preserved for every record. This version supersedes version 1, which contained 224 records selected by bioeconomic use, and provides a foundation for conservation policies, management planning and sustainable development in the estuarine Amazon. File Description: Appendix_S1_Occurrence_records.xlsx: The primary file of the dataset, containing the 1,019 occurrence records in 63 Darwin Core fields. The workbook opens on a READ-ME tab describing its contents, followed by the occurrence table, a field dictionary defining every column and the nine dynamicProperties keys with their fill rates, a source table listing the 17 originating datasets, and 46 curation-log tabs that document every change made across the dataset lineage. Fields detail taxonomic classification, geographic coordinates with declared uncertainty, sampling protocol and habitat as reported by the source, collection or observation dates, establishment means, extinction-risk category, life form, non-timber use categories with the plant part employed, and the bibliographic source of every record. Appendix_S1_Occurrence_records.csv: The occurrence table in plain text, for reading and processing without proprietary software. Appendix_S2_Taxon_list.xlsx and Appendix_S2_Taxon_list.csv: The species list of the dataset. One row per taxon for the 487 taxa, with attributes consolidated from the occurrence records: taxonomic identity and status, all names under which the taxon appears in the sources, vernacular names, life form, establishment means, extinction-risk category, non-timber use categories, plant parts employed, number of supporting use references, number of records and originating datasets. The workbook also opens on a READ-ME tab, which explains what an empty field means in each column. Appendix_S3_Methods.docx: The method by which the bibliographic sources were identified, screened and admitted. It contains the search strings and returns per database; the seven eligibility criteria with their operational definitions; the five quality-assessment criteria and what each one evaluates; the scores of all fifteen assessed studies, criterion by criterion, with the decision taken for each; the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram; the reference polygon of the protected area; and the correspondence between the seventeen products of the Brazilian federal minimum-price policy for sociobiodiversity products and their scientific names. Appendix_S3_Figure_S3.1_PRISMA.svg and .png: The PRISMA 2020 flow diagram as a standalone figure. The SVG carries editable text. Appendix_S3_Reference_polygon.geojson: The reference boundary of the protected area adopted in the compilation, 29 distinct vertices, EPSG:4326, geodesic area 15.21 km². Records without a published plot coordinate were assigned the corrected centroid of this polygon with a 3,416 m uncertainty radius, following the point-radius method. README.txt: Index of the deposit, with a summary of how the dataset was built and its known limits of use. Known limits: 759 of the 1,019 records are resolved only at the level of the protected area; spatially explicit analyses should be restricted to the 240 records with confidence level A. The literature spans 1997 to 2024, with 436 of the 742 dated records concentrated in the 2000s, and the most recent published field campaign ended in July 2015. Fifty-four records remain without an accepted name: 45 are morphospecies, which will not receive one by construction, and nine were declined because the nomenclatural authorities disagree, because the authority itself declared uncertainty, or to preserve the determination made by the source. The non-timber use layer derives from published literature rather than from a local ethnobotanical survey; of the 273 taxa with a documented use, 150 are supported by primary literature. The dataset can also be queried, filtered and exported interactively through the Munguba platform: https://munguba.laboratorio-de-pesquisa-de-engenharia-de-software.com