REFORMS OF THE SAMARKAND JADIDS IN THE ORGANIZATION OF NEW-METHOD SCHOOLS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM

The article examines the reforms implemented by the Jadids in Samarkand at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century in organizing new-method schools (usuli jadid) within the Jadid movement and their impact on the development of the national education system in Uzbekistan. The activities of key Jadid figures – Mahmudxo‘ja Behbudiy, Abduqodir Shakuriy (Shukuriy), Saidahmad Siddiqiy (Ajziy), and others – are analyzed, including the introduction of the phonetic method for literacy teaching, inclusion of secular subjects, creation of textbooks in Uzbek, improvement of literacy rates, and formation of national consciousness. Despite opposition from colonial authorities, these reforms modernized education, enlightened society, and laid the foundation for the national education system in subsequent periods. The enduring significance of the Jadid legacy for contemporary education is emphasized.