The Tetrahedral Generation Hypothesis Deriving the 3+1 Flavor Structure and Chiral Asymmetry from the FCC Lattice

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Authors: Raghu Kulkarni
Cited by: 0

Abstract

The origin of the three fermion generations and the chiral nature of the weak interaction are central puzzles of the Standard Model. In this research note, we propose a geometric solution based on the spectral analysis of the Selection-Stitch Model (SSM) vacuum (K = 12 FCC Lattice). We demonstrate that the naive Dirac operator on the FCC lattice possesses exactly 4 isolated zero modes in the interior of the Brillouin Zone, located at the L-points (k= ±π/2,...). These four modes form a reducible permutation representation of the tetrahedral group S4, which naturally decomposes into a singlet (1) and a triplet (3). Furthermore, we calculate the chirality of these modes and find that the L-point triplet is inherently Left- Handed (χ=−1), while the fundamental vacuum mode at Γ is Right-Handed (χ= +1). We show that a momentum-dependent coupling to the vacuum condensate splits the L- point quartet into a heavy singlet and a light triplet. This mechanism provides a rigorous geometric origin for the "3 active + 1 sterile" pattern observed in nature and explains why the three generations participate in the weak interaction as left-handed doublets.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
15 February 2026
Language
EN
Document type
Preprint