Climate Change, Biodiversity, and Artificial Intelligence

Climate change has emerged as one of the most significant drivers of biodiversity loss in the twenty-first century, altering species distributions, ecosystem processes, and ecological resilience across the globe. Rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, extreme weather events, and sea-level rise have intensified pressures on terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. In this context, accurate assessment, continuous monitoring, and predictive understanding of climate–biodiversity interactions are essential for effective conservation and sustainable development. Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have revolutionized climate and biodiversity research by enabling large-scale data integration, real-time monitoring, and predictive modelling. At the same time, Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) provide long-standing ecological insights based on close observation of climate variability, seasonal cycles, and adaptive resource management practices. This chapter examines the interlinkages between climate change, biodiversity, and AI, highlighting how AI-driven tools and traditional ecological knowledge can be integrated to assess climate impacts, monitor biodiversity responses, and support adaptive conservation strategies. The chapter also discusses challenges, ethical considerations, and future prospects for developing climate-resilient, inclusive, and knowledge-integrated biodiversity management frameworks.