A REVIEW ON NANOEMULSION-BASED NASAL DRUG DELIVERY EMPHASIZING FEXOFENADINE AND NIGELLA SATIVA OIL

Allergic rhinitis is a common inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa that greatly impairs quality of life. Due to its effectiveness and lack of sedative effects, fexofenadine, a second- generation antihistamine, is frequently utilized; nevertheless, oral administration may cause delayed onset and decreased absorption. Intranasal drug administration promotes quick beginning of action, bypasses first-pass metabolism, and enables direct transport to the site of action. Nanoemulsion-based nasal medication delivery methods have attracted attention due to its capacity to improve drug solubility, stability, and nasal absorption. The use of natural oils in nanoemulsions has further enhanced formulation performance. Nigella sativa oil, rich in thymoquinone, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and serves as effective oil phase in nanoemulsion formulations. This review discusses allergic rhinitis, nasal drug delivery systems, nanoemulsion technology, and formulation components, with emphasis on fexofenadine and the supportive role of Nigella sativa oil in nanoemulsion-based nasal delivery for improved management of allergic rhinitis.