Implementations of teaching resources and teaching practices with motivational factors on participation in physical education classes of undergraduate students.

In Pakistan, the lack of resources frequently affected both thedelivery and reception of physical education classes. Students faced additionalchallenges to participation such as limited access to facilities and institutionalrestrictions on physical education classes. Physical education classes wereoften poorly organized due to resource constraints and a shortage of qualifiedinstructors. The purpose of the present research was to examine therelationships of teaching resources, teaching practices and motivationalfactors with participation in physical education classes of undergraduatestudents. The correlational research design was used for this research. Thepopulation of the study was all undergraduate students enrolled in physicaleducation and sports sciences departments of all public sectors universities ofPunjab Province in Pakistan. Simple random sampling was utilized for theselection of samples to collect the survey data. Adapted and modified surveyquestionnaire was used with the permission of original authors. Overall, 535survey questionnaires were distributed among undergraduate students offive universities. Out of which, 500 questionnaires were returned back. Thesurvey data was analyzed through descriptive statistics (frequency,percentage, mean and standard deviation), Pearson’s correlation analysis, andmultiple regression analysis. Results indicated that teaching resources andteaching practices along with motivational factors were found centralconstructs that influenced the participation in physical education classes ofundergraduate students. The finding revealed that all variables such asteaching resources (equipment and facilities and instructional materials),teaching practices (instructional strategies, classroom management, andfeedback), motivational factors (intrinsic motivation and extrinsicmotivation) established positive and highly significant (0.01) relationshipswith participation in physical education classes of undergraduate students. Itwas concluded that all predicting factors (teaching resources, teachingpractices, and motivational factors) found significant variances in theoutcome variable. It was recommended that all universities should provideappropriate and up-to-date teaching resources, teaching practices andmotivation to enrich their students academically and to enhance theirparticipation in classes as well.