SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS

Sensorineural hearing loss is a complex and multifactorial condition characterized by permanent reduction in auditory function due to damage to the inner ear structures or auditory nerve. This disorder affects both children and adults, significantly impairing communication, social interaction, and language development. Its etiology includes genetic mutations, congenital infections, noise-induced trauma, vascular disorders, age-related degeneration, and environmental factors. The pathophysiology involves hair cell damage, auditory nerve degeneration, and central auditory pathway alterations. Diagnostic approaches include audiometry, otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem response, and genetic testing. Therapeutic strategies encompass pharmacological treatments, hearing aids, cochlear implants, and auditory rehabilitation. Prevention, early detection, and emerging interventions such as gene and stem cell therapy are essential for improving auditory outcomes and enhancing patients’ quality of life.