On String Theory and Quantum Gravity

We propose a novel modification to replace the continous spacetime of string theory with a discrete spacetime. We postulate a globally curved discrete spacetime geometry, composed of radially concentric spherical hypersurfaces with a spacing intervals. We further postulate the length of the string to equal the circumference of the hypersurfaces of the discrete spacetime. The string tension will then be inversely proportional to the surface area of a ”Torus”. We develope a framework where all quantum fields and gauge fields, merge from the nested hypersurfaces of the discrete spacetime. The discrete spacetime acts as the sole elementary field. The subatomic particles, and radiation emerge as manifestations of this fundamental discrete spacetime field. Rather than serving as a passive container, spacetime dynamically generates and interacts with all emergent fields. From first principles, we demonstrate that gravity emerges from the relational interaction of its dual constituent components. This leads to a modified Schwarzschild metric that incorporates both static and dynamic perspectives of gravitational systems. When the effective metric, incorporat- ing the full Newton-keples equation, equals zero (ds = 0), the system is in its equilibrium state, and reduces to classical General Relativity. Non-zero effective metric describes non-equilibrium gravitational states. Based on the above we treat ”string” as physically real object—specifically, the circumferences of radially concentric spherical hypersurfaces within discrete spacetime. Revisiting the Balmer equation for hydrogen spectral lines, we demonstrate that the Balmer constant possesses a purely geometrical significance: (CB = 3.289 = π^2 ). This implies a correspondence between empirical atomic spectra and geometric spacetime volume. It suggests that hydrogen’s atomic structure originates entirely from curved discrete spacetime. From this geomet- ric relationship, we derive Planck’s constant as a fundamental sectional volume element of discrete curved spacetime, represented by the volume of a specific geometric object called Horn-Torus. The resulting modified string theory postulates the subatomic particles to be a superposition of circumferences of discrete spacetime hypersurfaces. Particle masses correspond to multiple string lengths, represented geometrically by logarithmic spiral arc length. This enables precise mass pre- dictions for all standard model subatomic particles. The equilibrium radial positions corresponds to massless particles. Deviations from those equilibrium radial positions determine both particle mass and charge. The displacement direction determines particle versus antiparticle creation. Orthogonal hypersurface rotations generate particle spin (SU(2) symmetry), while radial variations correspond to SU(3) symmetry. This dynamical model also predicts a dynamical repulsive gravity and singularity-free black holes, when calibrated with cosmological data. This framework remains consistent with General Relativi