Drug Traceability in HealthCare Supply Chain using Blockchain Technology

ABSTRACT. Rising circulation of falsified and low-quality medicines has become a growing global concern, threatening patient safety and weakening confidence in healthcare systems. Achieving transparency, authenticity, and accountability in the pharmaceutical supply chain remains a persistent challenge for both industry stakeholders and regulatory authorities. Blockchain technology provides an innovative solution through its decentralized and tamper-proof digital ledger that permanently records each transaction across the entire drug lifecycle. This study explores how blockchain can be applied to ensure complete traceability of medicines, securing every stage from manufacturing to distribution and retail dispensing In a blockchain-driven environment, all participants—manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and pharmacies—share a common, permissioned network. Each drug batch carries a unique digital signature, enabling continuous tracking and validation throughout its journey. Automated smart contracts facilitate verification, eliminating unauthorized handling and minimizing human error. When integrated with technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and QR-based identification, blockchain enables Realtime monitoring of product movement and storage conditions, thereby improving operational efficiency and compliance with regulatory frameworks. The proposed model enhances supply chain transparency and allows authorities and consumers to authenticate products instantly. It also minimizes financial losses linked to counterfeit drugs while reinforcing public trust in pharmaceutical brands. This research underscores the potential of blockchain to strengthen healthcare logistics and establish a secure, transparent, and efficient drug distribution ecosystem. In conclusion, blockchain transforms traditional methods of pharmaceutical tracking by ensuring data integrity, reliability, and end-to-end visibility. Its adoption can drastically reduce counterfeit circulation, streamline supply chain operations, and contribute to a safer, more dependable healthcare infrastructure Keywords: Blockchain Technology, Pharmaceutical Supply Chain, Drug Traceability, Counterfeit Medicines, Smart Contracts Internet of Things (IoT), Data Integrity.