O Magnésio Como Modulador Bioquímico Da Resposta Ao Estresse: Relações Entre Nutrição e o Eixo Hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal

Abstract Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions. It plays a particularly prominent role in cellular homeostasis and neuroendocrine regulation. Recent evidence (Pickering et al., 2020; Rawji et al., 2024; Schutten et al., 2021) indicates that magnesium deficiency contributes to hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, elevated plasma and urinary cortisol levels, and intensification of oxidative stress and inflammation. This review article aims to analyze, through literature published between 2020 and 2025, the biochemical mechanisms by which magnesium influences the stress response, including its effects on neurotransmitters, hormones, and oxidative stress biomarkers. These findings provide relevant evidence regarding the importance of adequate magnesium intake for achieving stable mental and metabolic health, as well as its potential application in clinical nutritional practice. Keywords: Magnesium; Stress; Biochemistry; HPA Axis; Nutrition.