Agricultural Transformation in India and Farmer's Challenges in the Post-Green Revolution Era

Abstract; The Green Revolution, which introduced transformative agricultural practices such as high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, expanded irrigation, increased use of inorganic fertilizers and advanced farming equipment significantly boosted crop productivity in India. However, while these advancements contributed to greater food security, they also gave rise to socio-economic and environmental challenges that adversely affected farmers in the post-Green Revolution era. These challenges include rising input costs, depletion of soil health, water scarcity, ecological degradation, deepening economic inequalities, farmer suicides, etc. The agrarian distress arising from these issues has become a central force driving farmers’ movements in India. The paper tries to analyze the socioeconomic and environmental challenges faced by farmers in the post-Green Revolution period. By reviewing secondary data from academic articles, and government reports, newspaper articles etc, the paper seeks to highlight the root causes of agrarian distress and propose potential solutions aimed at alleviating the problem faced by farmers. Through this exploration, the paper seeks to provide insights into the ongoing struggles of farmers and suggest pathways for sustainable agricultural practices and policy reforms that can ensure long-term food security and rural well-being.