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Anchor Space Theory (AST) proposes a systematic methodology for the identification, extraction, and spatial translation of an individual's primary psychological anchor — the referential object, person, place, or state to which a person's sense of existential stability is most deeply tethered — into a small, non-functional spatial element embedded within a domestic environment. Unlike conventional therapeutic or decorative approaches to residential design, AST does not seek to create comfort through aesthetic quality, symbolic representation, or functional utility. Instead, it operates at the level of pre-reflective bodily experience: the space is considered successful when it reproduces in the inhabitant a specific somatic state — a quality of breath, postural relaxation, or temporal suspension — that is isomorphic to the state produced by the original anchor, without requiring the inhabitant to consciously identify the connection. This paper defines the theoretical foundations of AST, develops a taxonomy of anchor types and their corresponding spatial translation logics, proposes a structured dialogue protocol for anchor identification, and establishes the evaluative criteria by which a completed anchor space may be assessed. The paper also addresses the inherent epistemological limitations of the methodology and the conditions under which the framework must acknowledge failure or incompleteness.