Formal Structure of the Newtonian Model: An Applied Set-Theoretic Method

Formal Structure of the Newtonian Model: An Applied Set-Theoretic Method This work presents a formal structural reconstruction of the Newtonian model within a set-theoretic framework. The approach introduces a multi-sorted formal system in which language, physical quantities, and relational structures are explicitly separated and rigorously defined. The method provides a structural representation of classical mechanics that avoids implicit ontological assumptions and eliminates ambiguities related to temporal interpretation. Instead of treating time as a primitive physical entity, the model formalizes it as an informational parameter within a structured relational system. The proposed construction demonstrates that the Newtonian description of the world can be represented as a formally closed system with clearly defined operations, relations, and interpretative mappings. The work is intended as an applied formal method and does not introduce new empirical claims, but rather offers a structural clarification of an existing physical framework. Version v1.0.1 corresponds to the initial formal publication of the method.