CAR T Cell Therapy: Current Challenges and Future Direction

Cancer is the world’s top cause of death. Numerous cytotoxic immunotherapies and traditional treatments have been created and introduced to the market. The development of a viable immunotherapy that targets cancers at both the cellular and genetic levels is necessary due to the complicated behaviour of tumours and the involvement of multiple genetic and cellular variables in tumorigenesis and metastasis. The major histocompatibility complex is not involved in these; instead, the tumour antigen is directly identified. CAR T Cell therapy is a revolutionary new pillar in cancer treatment. CAR-T cell therapy is a groundbreaking cancer treatment that reprograms T cells to recognize and attack cancer cells. It involves extracting T cells from a patient's blood, genetically modifying them to produce chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that target specific cancer cells, and reinfusing them into the body. The car T cells are work by T cells are collected from the patient's blood and genetically modified to produce CARs that bind to specific antigens on cancer cells. The modified T cells are then infused back into the patient's bloodstream, where they target and kill cancer cells. CAR-T cells can keep multiplying in the body, producing lasting anticancer results. Types of Cancer Treated by car T cell therapy is Blood cancers, such as leukaemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Specific types of lymphoma, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma. Next-generation CAR-T cell therapies are being developed to improve efficacy and safety. This review discusses current challenges, future directions, applications, structure, evolution of chimeric antigen receptors and finally working and production of CAR T Cells.