Voynich Manuscript f2r: Mechanical and Kinematic Analysis of a Medieval Pump System
Abstract
This paper presents a strictly mechanical and kinematic analysis of folio f2r from the Voynich manuscript. By discarding linguistic and biological speculations, the research demonstrates that the illustration is a technical blueprint of a medieval pump system, and the accompanying text is a functional maintenance and assembly log. The analysis reveals specific gear ratios (1:3.4, 1:6.75, 1:8), differential pressure indicators, and a complete functional dictionary of the symbols, drawing parallels to Georgius Agricola's De Re Metallica. The findings prove that the characters are not an alphabet, but functional engineering signs detailing cams, pushrods, valves, and mechanical constraints.
Fields of Study & Subjects
History of Science and Medicine
Historical Astronomy and Related Studies
Libraries
Manuscripts
and Books
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Publication date
- 25 February 2026
- Language
- EN