Ageing Populations and Geriatric Health: A Global Review of Burden, Preparedness, and Policy Responses

This review intends to consolidate the evidence available in the world regarding the epidemiological, clinical, social and policy aspects of population ageing to emphasize its increasing burden and its impact on health-system preparedness. Based on a narrative review methodology which uses international databases, peer-reviewed literature and large organizational reports in 2000-2024, the research presents significant patterns of multimorbidity, non-communicable diseases, frailty, cognitive decline, social determinants, and gaps in geriatric care provision. Findings indicate that the accelerated pace of demographic ageing, particularly in low- and middle-income nations, has exacerbated the prevalence of chronic illnesses, functional impairment, and caregiving; and has revealed laggards in the current state of long-term care systems, labor shortages, disintegrated service provision, and endemic ageism. Solutions that have emerged, such as the integrated, person-centered care model, age-friendly environment, and technological innovations to aid in managing chronic diseases, are also observed as part of the analysis. The review finds that to deal with the multi-sectoral, equity-based solutions needed to face the complex challenges of global ageing, the health systems, social protection, and community structures need to be aligned to improve resilience, functional ability, and dignified and healthy ageing among diverse groups of people.