Principle of Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Thin Films

Thin film technology plays a vital role in the development of optoelectronic, photonic, and magnetic devices. Thin films are classified into two types based on their application. The first type is the wet chemical method, which does not require high temperatures and expensive equipment. The second is the dry method, which requires high temperatures and expensive equipment, as well as a vacuum environment. In this article, we discuss the basic principles of operation of various thin film fabrication methods.