Entrepreneurial Competencies and Performance of Online Retail Enterprises in Kenya: Moderating role of Legal framework

Abstract: Despite the transformative potential of online trading, retail enterprises in Kenya continue to experience uneven performance. These constraints undermine the sector’s full potential and pose a significant barrier to broader national economic development. This study assessed the impact of entrepreneurial competencies on the performance of online retail enterprises in Kenya as well as the moderating role of the legal framework. Using a descriptive design, it targeted 495 employees from 165 registered online retail enterprises, with a sample size of 351 determined by Yamane’s formula. Data was analysed using a triangulation approach. Regression analysis revealed that entrepreneurial competencies significantly and positively influence enterprise performance. From the findings, entrepreneurial competencies were found to have a significant positive influence on performance online retail enterprises in Kenya (p < 0.001). The results show that the legal framework significantly influence performance on its own, its interaction with entrepreneurial competencies has a notable impact, with the interaction term showing a significant moderating role (p