Improving Thermal Efficiency in Prefabricated Buildings with Insulation Materials and Energy-Efficient Glazing Systems

Large-panel buildings, characteristic of mid-20th-century urban development, continue to constitute a substantial portion of the worldwide building inventory. Their aged infrastructure poses issues to energy efficiency and thermal performance, requiring novel retrofitting solutions. This study examines solutions to tackle these difficulties, emphasizing sustainable treatments such as enhanced insulation materials and energy-efficient glass to improve thermal performance and minimize environmental effects. The methodology includes a thorough evaluation of the thermal efficiency of large-panel structures via simulation and case analyses. Essential retrofitting measures, such as the implementation of stone wool insulation and the enhancement of windows with energy-efficient glazing systems, are assessed for their effects on energy efficiency. The results show significant reductions in energy consumption after retrofitting. The study evaluates the impact of various refurbishment interventions on energy performance. Results show that adding insulation (e.g., polystyrene, wool) combined with energy-efficient windows significantly reduces primary energy consumption, improving the building's energy class from G to D. The most effective solution involves double insulation, energy-efficient windows, and terrace + ground insulation, achieving a primary energy consumption of 184.56 kWh/m². In conclusion, upgrading large-panel buildings with additional insulation and energy-efficient glass significantly enhances energy efficiency and lowers environmental impact. These findings offer significant insights for improving the sustainability of current building stock and promoting sustainable urban growth.