MODERN DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY: CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, TECHNOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND EVIDENCE-BASED INTERPRETATION STRATEGIES

Background: Diagnostic radiology is a fundamental component of contemporary medicine, providing non-invasive visualization of anatomical structures and pathological processes. Objective: To evaluate major radiological imaging modalities, their physical foundations, clinical applications, diagnostic performance, and safety considerations. Methods: Analytical review of conventional radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging based on peer-reviewed radiological literature and clinical guidelines. Results: Each modality demonstrates distinct advantages. CT and MRI offer superior cross-sectional and soft-tissue visualization, while ultrasound provides real-time imaging without radiation exposure. Conclusion: Evidence-based modality selection improves diagnostic accuracy and patient safety.