ORAL BIOFILM AND ITS ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFLAMMATORY COMPLICATIONS

Oral biofilm represents a complex, structured microbial ecosystem that plays a key role in the development of inflammatory diseases affecting both hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. Contemporary research confirms that it is the organized microbial biofilm, rather than isolated microorganisms, that serves as the primary etiological factor in dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and complications of prosthetic treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the structural and functional characteristics of oral biofilm and its influence on the development of inflammatory complications in dental patients. The mechanisms of microbial adhesion, maturation, and resistance, as well as their interaction with the host immune system, are discussed. The obtained data support the necessity of a comprehensive preventive approach aimed at controlling biofilm formation.