Teacher of the "General.Sciences" department of the Asia International University, Bukhara, Uzbekistan

Medicinal ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is one of the most important medicinal plants widely used in traditional and modern medicine due to its high content of biologically active compounds. This study presents a comprehensive scientific analysis of the morpho-anatomical structure, physiological characteristics, and biosynthesis of biologically active substances in ginger. The morphological and anatomical features of vegetative organs, particularly the rhizome, were examined to determine their diagnostic and functional significance. Physiological parameters such as photosynthetic activity, transpiration intensity, and water balance were analyzed in relation to growth and development stages. Special attention was given to the biosynthesis and accumulation patterns of key bioactive compounds, including gingerols, shogaols, and essential oils, which determine the pharmacological value of ginger. The results reveal a close relationship between anatomical structure, physiological processes, and secondary metabolite production, highlighting the adaptive mechanisms of the plant. The findings provide a scientific basis for improving the cultivation, utilization, and standardization of ginger as a valuable medicinal raw material.