Healthcare Workers´ Perceptions Affecting Utilization of Infection Prevention and Control Protocols in Moi County Referral Hospital, Voi

Purpose: This study examined healthcare workers’ perceptions influencing the utilization of infection prevention and control (IPC) protocols at Moi County Referral Hospital in Taita Taveta County. The objective was to assess health system factors, particularly provider attitudes, associated with adherence to IPC standards aimed at reducing hospital-acquired infections. Methodology: A descriptive analytical cross-sectional design was employed. The study sampled 127 healthcare workers, stratified by professional cadre and selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and an observational checklist. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27. Associations were tested using Cochran’s and Mantel-Haenszel common odds ratio estimates, with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals reported. Findings: Most respondents were female (67.7%) and predominantly nurses (77.9%), with 75.6% having 1–3 years of work experience. Overall IPC protocol utilization was low at 44.1% (n=56). Although 51.2% of participants demonstrated a positive attitude toward IPC practices, positive perception was significantly associated with higher utilization (AOR = 2.607; 95% CI: 1.26–5.37; p = .012). Healthcare workers with favorable attitudes were over twice as likely to adhere to IPC protocols compared to those with negative perceptions. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study reinforces behavioral theory linking provider attitudes to compliance behavior in clinical settings. Practically, it highlights the need for targeted capacity-building interventions to shift perceptions and improve IPC adherence. From a policy perspective, institutional strategies should integrate continuous professional development and supportive supervision to strengthen IPC implementation frameworks.