The Role of Moisturizers in Inflammatory Skin Conditions: A Comprehensive Review

Moisturizers represent a cornerstone of dermatological therapy, particularly in the management of inflammatory skin diseases. Beyond their fundamental role in hydration, modern moisturizers actively participate in skin barrier repair, reduction of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), lipid matrix organization, and modulation of inflammatory cascades. This comprehensive review examines the structure and function of the skin barrier, the pathophysiology of xerosis, the classification and mechanisms of moisturizer ingredients, their clinical applications across specific dermatoses, safety considerations, formulation science, and future therapeutic directions. Particular emphasis is placed on atopic dermatitis, where moisturizers function as both primary and adjunctive therapy, significantly improving clinical outcomes and patient quality of life. The evolving understanding of the skin as a four-layer functional unit—physical, chemical, microbiological, and immunological—provides a framework for understanding how targeted moisturization strategies can address specific barrier defects.