OVARIAN CYSTS - CURRENT APPROACHES

Ovarian cysts represent a broad spectrum of adnexal lesions, ranging from benign functional cysts, to complex neoplasms with malignant potential. They are frequently encountered in clinical practice and often detected incidentally through imaging. Accurate diagnosis is essential to guide appropriate management, while avoiding unnecessary surgical intervention. Advances in imaging, including standardized risk stratification systems such as the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS), have significantly improved diagnostic accuracy (1,2). Management strategies are increasingly individualized, based on patient age, symptomatology, cyst morphology, and malignancy risk. This review summarizes current evidence on the diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment of ovarian cysts, emphasizing contemporary guidelines and studies published in the last 10 years.