Growth of Central Massive Black Holes and Feedback on Host Galaxies using Cosmological Simulations

Supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs) at the centers of high-z quasars are observed to have grown to masses >= 10^9 Msun by redshifts z=6-7. Recent JWST observations are additionally revealing the existence of central intermediate-mass BHs (10^7 - 10^8 Msun) at even earlier epochs z~10-12; some of which sources have BH mass comparable to the mass of the host galaxy. At the same time, very recent JWST observations have detected a population of normal-mass central SMBHs at z~3-5, with the mean SMBH-to stellar mass ratio consistent with the local relation. The formation of such supermassive (overmassive and normal-mass) BHs at the centers of their host galaxies involves unresolved questions.