Super-Eddington accreting black holes in the early Universe

Recent JWST observations have uncovered a surprisingly abundant population of faint, red objects — referred to as little red dots — at z~4-7. Together with the presence of supermassive black holes at z>6, this raises questions about the formation and growth histories of early black holes. Current theories proposes two primary pathways for the formation of seed black holes: the death of the first stars (i.e., light seeds) and the direct collapse of primordial gas clouds (i.e., heavy seeds), yet observational confirmation remains elusive.