The Torah as a Structurally Constrained Morphological System: A Computational Analysis of Root Expansion, Semantic Architecture, and Narrative-Language Coupling in Biblical Hebrew

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Authors: ERAN ELIYAHU Tobul
Cited by: 0

Abstract

This package presents a comprehensive computational-linguistic analysis of the Torah (Pentateuch) as a structurally constrained morphological system, demonstrating that Biblical Hebrew's morphological architecture is governed by a restricted "control alphabet" of 10 letters (EmetNiyahu: א,מ,ת,נ,י,ה,ו + BKL: ב,כ,ל) that accounts for 99.79% of all morphological extensions (p ≤ 0.0003, tested against 10,000 random letter sets). To evaluate structural dependence, we implement two permutation-based null models: (1) verse-level shuffling, preserving lexical frequencies while disrupting narrative order, and (2) word-level shuffling, destroying both inter- and intra-verse structure. Across 3,000 permutations and multiple window sizes (30, 50, and 100 words), the empirical concentration score of the original text exceeds all randomized counterparts (0/3,000 exceedances), with Z-scores ranging from 108 to 267 (v9 algorithm; V1 baseline: 48–67) under empirical permutation distributions (no normality assumption). Key findings (14 Tier A + 8 Tier B) include: 1. **Control Alphabet Dominance (99.79%):** Ten letters govern virtually all morphological expansion in the Torah, stable across all sliding windows and genres. 2. **Automatic Semantic Classification (87.4%):** A 30-line extraction algorithm, trained on 80% of the Torah with no external dictionary, correctly predicts the semantic group of unseen words with 87.4% accuracy (5-fold cross-validation, σ=0.3%). With nikud: 91.0%. 3. **Shuffle Test — v9 Algorithm (Z=150.49–266.85):** The v9 algorithm achieves Z-scores of 150.49 (verse-level, window 50) to 266.85 (word-level, window 100), representing a ×2.6–4.1 improvement over the V1 baseline. The v9 algorithm exceeds the gold standard (MandatoryRoot Z=142.58, CoreRoot Z=114.87). 4. **Cross-Biblical Comparison (27 Books):** All 27 books of the Hebrew Bible analyzed using the same automatic algorithm. A clear hierarchy emerges: Torah → Prophets → Writings, with Torah books dominating top positions (Numbers Z=67.14, Genesis Z=65.20, Exodus Z=61.92, Leviticus Z=54.40). 5. **Phonetic Avoidance (NEW — Tier A):** Among Foundation-letter bigrams, 21 of 144 possible consecutive pairs never occur — all belonging to the same articulatory class. Same-class bigrams constitute only 1.76% of Foundation pairs (random expected: 14.96%), with 0/1,000 random class-reassignments matching this level (Z = −1.90). Cross-text: Torah 1.76% < Quran 3.20%

Fields of Study & Subjects

Digital Humanities and Scholarship Biblical Studies and Interpretation Language Linguistics Cultural Analysis

Publication details

Journal / source
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publication date
1 March 2026
Language
EN
Document type
Preprint