Assessing the Adoption of Digital Technologies for Logistics and Supply Chain Management among Selected International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs)

This study assessed the adoption of digital technologies in enhancing circular supply chain and logistics management among selected International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) in Abuja, Nigeria. The study was motivated by the growing need for improved efficiency, transparency, and sustainability in humanitarian logistics operations, particularly in alignment with circular economy principles and global sustainability goals. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, combining quantitative data from structured questionnaires with qualitative insights from in-depth interviews to provide a comprehensive analysis of digital adoption patterns, operational outcomes, barriers, and enabling factors. The findings revealed that while basic digital tools such as enterprise resource planning systems, digital tracking platforms, and data management systems are moderately adopted, advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and Internet of Things applications remain underutilized. Digitalization was found to significantly enhance resource optimization, waste reduction, reverse logistics practices, transparency, and overall sustainability performance. However, constraints including limited funding, inadequate technical expertise, infrastructural deficits, and organizational resistance to change were identified as major barriers to full digital transformation. The study concludes that strategic investment in digital capacity building, infrastructure, and policy support is essential for strengthening circular supply chain performance and sustainability outcomes within INGOs operating in developing country contexts.