The In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy of Lemon Oil (Citrus limon) Against Clinically Relevant Pathogens

The global rise in antimicrobial resistance has intensified the search for natural antimicrobial agents. This study evaluated the in vitro efficacy of lemon oil (Citrus limon) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans using quantitative suspension tests. A two-way ANOVA demonstrated significant concentration- and time-dependent effects (p < 0.001). A ≥1 Log10 reduction was achieved at 5% concentration within 30–40 minutes. These findings support lemon oil as a potential natural disinfectant