Raw data from: A leaf phenomics approach for estimating below-ground traits in North American Licorice

Premise: Selective breeding over thousands of years has prioritized above-ground yield, with little regard for changes below-ground. Roots underpin plant growth and resilience, but our knowledge of these critical structures lags behind that of above-ground structures. Accurately phenotyping root traits is labor-intensive, expensive, and often destructive. High-throughput, nondestructive methods are required to advance understanding of the fundamental biology of root systems and to integrate hard-to-measure root traits into breeding programs. Methods: We used American licorice (Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh.), a perennial legume with a rich ethnobotanical history, as a model to investigate root system phenotypes. We assessed root traits across multiple populations, analyzed relationships between above- and belowground phenotypes, and tested the use of multidimensional leaf traits, including spectral reflectance, in predicting root traits. Results: Root traits of American licorice varied significantly across source populations. Root traits were strongly intercorrelated and each root trait correlated with an aboveground phenotype. Leaf spectral reflectance and elemental composition predicted below-ground traits; however, interpretation of some trait-specific signals were complicated by isometric scaling between plant size and root traits. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the use of high-dimensional leaf traits as a proxy for root traits, with potential applications for understanding foundational questions in plant biology and in breeding programs targeting below-ground structures of perennial herbaceous species. Further optimization and larger studies are needed to improve predictive models.This repository contains a .zip archive of the raw images used for analysis. Scripts and other associated data can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28742870.